Design patterns are generally categorized into three main types based on the problem they solve:

2.1 Creational Patterns: Handling Object Creation

Creational patterns focus on how objects are created. Instead of creating objects directly, these patterns provide ways to instantiate them in a controlled and efficient manner.

• Why Do We Need Them?: Direct object creation (using new or constructors) can lead to complicated and tightly coupled code. Creational patterns help manage this by allowing objects to be created in a more flexible and scalable way.

• Common Problems Solved:

  • Managing object creation when we want to control how objects are instantiated.
  • Avoiding repetitive code for creating similar objects.
  • Allowing more flexibility in the type of object being created.

2.2 Structural Patterns: Organizing Classes and Objects

Structural patterns focus on how classes and objects are composed. They help ensure that if different parts of a system need to work together, they do so efficiently and transparently.

• Why Do We Need Them?: As software grows, it can get messy if objects and classes don’t interact efficiently. Structural patterns help you create relationships between different entities in your system that are both easy to maintain and scale.

• Common Problems Solved:

  • Combining objects and classes to create large and complex systems.
  • Providing a simplified interface to a complex system.
  • Ensuring that incompatible objects can still work together.

2.3 Behavioral Patterns: Managing Object Interactions

Behavioral patterns are concerned with the communication between objects. They define how objects interact and exchange responsibilities, often leading to better coordination and reduced complexity.

• Why Do We Need Them?: In large systems, objects often need to interact in ways that can become complicated. Behavioral patterns help define these interactions in a clean and structured manner.

• Common Problems Solved:

  • Managing how different objects communicate with each other.
  • Encapsulating behaviors and interactions between objects to make the code more flexible and maintainable.
  • Allowing objects to communicate in a loosely coupled way.