Data Definition Language (DDL)

• CREATE: Create a new database or table.
• ALTER: Modify an existing database or table structure.
• DROP: Delete a table or database.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

• SELECT: Retrieve data from the database.
• INSERT: Add new records.
• UPDATE: Modify existing records.
• DELETE: Remove records.

Data Control Language (DCL)

• GRANT: Give user access privileges.
• REVOKE: Remove user access privileges.

Transaction Control Language (TCL)

• COMMIT: Save transaction changes permanently.
• ROLLBACK: Undo changes from an incomplete transaction.
• SAVEPOINT: Set a savepoint within a transaction.