Logical operators in Python are used to combine conditional statements. They evaluate expressions and return a Boolean value (True or False) based on the logic of the expression.

Python provides three logical operators:

1. and: Returns True if both conditions are true.
2. or: Returns True if at least one of the conditions is true.
3. not: Inverts the Boolean value of the condition. If the condition is True, it becomes False and vice versa.

Logical operators are essential when working with decision-making structures like if, elif, and else.

---

1. Logical AND (and)

The and operator returns True if both operands are true. If one or both operands are false, it returns False.

Example:

x = True
y = True
result = x and y
print(f"x and y: {result}")

Output:

x and y: True

Real-world Example:

Dodagatta Nihar wants to check if both his laptop and phone are charged:

laptop_charged = True
phone_charged = True
ready_for_meeting = laptop_charged and phone_charged
print(f"Is Dodagatta Nihar ready for the meeting? {ready_for_meeting}")

Output:

Is Dodagatta Nihar ready for the meeting? True

---

2. Logical OR (or)

The or operator returns True if at least one of the operands is true. If both operands are false, it returns False.

Example:

x = False
y = True
result = x or y
print(f"x or y: {result}")

Output:

x or y: True

Real-world Example:

Harsha wants to check if he has either a pen or a pencil to take notes:

has_pen = False
has_pencil = True
can_take_notes = has_pen or has_pencil
print(f"Can Harsha take notes? {can_take_notes}")

Output:

Can Harsha take notes? True

---

3. Logical NOT (not)

The not operator inverts the Boolean value of an operand. If the operand is True, it returns False, and if the operand is False, it returns True.

Example:

x = True
result = not x
print(f"not x: {result}")

Output:

not x: False

Real-world Example:

Vasanta Kumar checks if he does not have any pending tasks:

has_pending_tasks = True
no_tasks = not has_pending_tasks
print(f"Does Vasanta Kumar have no tasks left? {no_tasks}")

Output:

Does Vasanta Kumar have no tasks left? False

---