Function Scope and Lifetime

Variables defined inside a function are local to that function and cannot be accessed outside it. This scope ensures that function variables do not interfere with variables in other parts of the code.

Example:

def local_variable_example():
    x = 10  # Local variable
    print(x)

local_variable_example()
print(x)  # Raises NameError

Output:

10

Error:

NameError: name 'x' is not defined

Real-world Example:

Harsha defines a function that uses local variables:

def calculate_sum():
    a = 5
    b = 7
    total = a + b
    return total

print(calculate_sum())

Output:

12

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