1. What Are Microservices?

Microservices is an architectural style where an application is built as a collection of small, loosely coupled, independently deployable services. Each service typically focuses on a specific business functionality, communicates with other services via lightweight protocols (like HTTP or messaging queues), and is independently scalable and replaceable.

• Monolithic Architecture: Traditionally, applications were built as monolithic systems where all components (UI, logic, database access) are tightly coupled and deployed together.
• Microservices Architecture: Breaks down monoliths into smaller, independent units that can be developed, deployed, and scaled individually.

2. Key Features of Microservices:

• Single Responsibility: Each service focuses on a specific, singular functionality (e.g., user authentication, payments).
• Loose Coupling: Services are independent of each other, meaning changes in one service don’t directly affect others.
• Independent Deployment: Each service can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.
• Resilience: Failures in one service do not impact the entire system. With proper error handling, other services continue to function even if one fails.
• Language and Technology Agnostic: Different services can be built using different programming languages or technologies, as long as they communicate via APIs or messaging systems.